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The Pittsburgh Agreement remains a symbol of the strong ties between the US and Slovakia 105 years later

Updated 26.05.2023
Published 26.05.2023

This year May 31 marks the 105th anniversary of the signing of the Pittsburgh Agreement, a memorandum of understanding between the Slovak and Czech expatriate communities in the US, with the intention of creating a common and independent republic.

The document’s purpose was to express the desire for independence and self-determination of both nations from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was in a state of collapse during World War I. It also played a crucial role in mobilising support among the Czech and Slovak communities in the United States and fostering international recognition for the idea of an independent Czechoslovakia.

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After the end of World War I and the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia was established as a sovereign state in October 1918, fulfilling the aspirations outlined in the Pittsburgh Agreement.

The Pittsburgh Agreement was proposed by Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, who led the Czechoslovak National Council and was signed in the city of the same name in Pennsylvania. The key provisions included that Slovakia would have its own administration and courts, that Slovak would be the official language in schools and public life in general, along with advocacy for democratic principles, liberties and the rights of minorities. Slovaks had long resisted the ruling Hungarians, had no forum for political expression, and were severely repressed. The idea of a common state was the culmination of their emancipation.

Although not directly involved, the United States still played a supportive role in the creation of Czechoslovakia. There was a general sympathy and recognition of the aspirations of Slovaks and Czechs for independence.
 
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Under president Woodrow Wilson, the US declared the principles of self-determination and the right to national independence as part of his Fourteen Points speech in January 1918. These principles emphasised the importance of allowing nations to determine their own political futures. Wilson later expressed his sympathy and support for Czechoslovak independence, becoming one of the most influential defenders of the idea,  further bolstering international recognition and support for the establishment of the state.

A friend of Wilson's, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk also worked diligently to gain diplomatic support and recognition from various countries.
 
     
Milan Rastislav Štefánik, a prominent Slovak figure in the struggle for Czechoslovak independence, also made significant contributions to the cause. In addition to his astronomical work in the US and collaboration with American scientists, Štefánik was actively engaged in diplomatic and fundraising activities, addressed both communities and US politicians. He too played a crucial role in diplomatic efforts to gain international recognition for Czechoslovakia.

Its founding was preceded by years of efforts by dedicated people, people with courage, skills and vision—leaders who rejected oppression and fought for the ideals of modern democracy.

Photos: TASR